The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge are two of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the world. They are located in the United Kingdom, specifically in Oxford and Cambridge, respectively. Both universities have a rich history dating back several centuries and are renowned for their academic excellence and contributions to research and education across various disciplines.

Oxford and Cambridge are often referred to collectively as "Oxbridge," and they share many similarities in terms of their collegiate structure, rigorous academic programs, and notable alumni. However, they also have distinct traditions, cultures, and areas of specialization that set them apart from each other.

Both universities have produced numerous Nobel laureates, Prime Ministers, scientists, writers, and other influential figures throughout history. They continue to attract students and scholars from around the world, maintaining their positions as leaders in higher education and research globally.

Graduate admissions at universities like Oxford and Cambridge are highly competitive and rigorous processes. Here's an overview of what typically goes into applying for graduate programs at these institutions:

1. **Research and Choose Programs**: Applicants should thoroughly research the available graduate programs offered by the university and choose one that aligns with their academic interests and career goals.

2. **Entry Requirements**: Each program will have specific entry requirements, which may include a minimum academic qualification (often a relevant undergraduate degree with a minimum GPA), language proficiency (usually English), and sometimes relevant work experience.

3. **Application Form**: Prospective students need to complete an application form provided by the university. This form typically includes personal details, academic background, statement of purpose (explaining why you're interested in the program and your career aspirations), and sometimes a research proposal (for research-based programs).

4. **References**: Applicants are usually required to provide academic references (typically two or three) who can speak to their academic abilities, character, and potential for success in the program.

5. **Standardized Tests**: Depending on the program and the applicant's background, standardized tests such as the GRE or GMAT may be required. For international students, proof of English language proficiency through tests like IELTS or TOEFL is often mandatory.

6. **Transcripts**: Official transcripts of academic records from all previous institutions attended must be submitted as part of the application.

7. **Interviews**: Some programs may require applicants to attend an interview, either in person or via video conferencing. This interview assesses the applicant's suitability for the program and allows them to discuss their academic interests and goals further.

8. **Application Fee**: There is usually an application fee that must be paid when submitting the application.

9. **Deadlines**: Applications typically have specific deadlines for submission, which vary depending on the program and whether the applicant is applying for funding or scholarships.

10. **Funding and Scholarships**: Graduate students often seek funding opportunities, such as scholarships, grants, or bursaries. These can be highly competitive and may have separate application processes and deadlines.

11. **Decision**: After the application is reviewed, the university will notify applicants of their admission decision. This can take several weeks to months, depending on the program and the volume of applications received.

It's crucial for prospective applicants to carefully review the specific requirements and deadlines for their chosen program and ensure that all materials are submitted correctly and on time. Additionally, preparing well in advance and seeking advice from current students or alumni can provide valuable insights into the application process and increase chances of success.